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12 conditions in plain language \u2014 the signs, myths, when to seek help, and the treatments backed by clinical guidelines.

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Pick a condition to explore

Plain-language explanations, real signs, the myths to retire, and what evidence-based help looks like.

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder

CPTSD develops from prolonged, repeated trauma — often childhood abuse, neglect, or ongoing domestic violence. In addition to the symptoms of PTSD it affects sense of self, relationships, and emotional regulation. It was added to the WHO’s ICD-11 in 2018 as a distinct diagnosis.

common signs

Emotional flashbacksToxic shamePersistent inner criticDifficulty trusting peopleFeeling fundamentally damagedDissociation

myth vs reality

myth

It’s just regular PTSD.

reality

CPTSD is a distinct diagnosis with broader effects on identity, relationships and emotion regulation.

myth

You’d know if you had trauma.

reality

Emotional neglect and chronic stress count as trauma even without a single “big” event.

when to see a professional

!Persistent flashbacks, dissociation or emotional numbing for more than a month.
!Relationships are repeatedly disrupted by trauma reactions.
!You are using substances, restriction or self-harm to manage flashbacks.

evidence-based treatments

\u2192Phase-based trauma therapy (Herman / Cloitre model): stabilisation → processing → reconnection.
\u2192Trauma-focused therapies: EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, schema therapy.
\u2192Body-based / sensorimotor approaches alongside talking therapy.
\u2192Medication (typically SSRIs) can support stabilisation — prescribed and reviewed by a GP or psychiatrist.

Source: WHO ICD-11 — Complex PTSD

If anything on this page resonates, please consider talking to your GP. In Australia, find one via healthdirect.gov.au.